Agricultural Machinery Disc Harrow Science Popularization
Release time:
2022-08-18 16:17
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The disc harrow is a kind of farming implement, which is composed of a plurality of concave discs fixed on a horizontal shaft as working parts. It is mainly used for loosening soil after tillage to meet the agronomic requirements of soil preparation before sowing. It is also used for weeding or shallow tillage and stubble fields after harvest. Heavy duty disc harrows can also be used for arable land operations.
Working parts.
The working part is a rake set in which a concave disc is mounted on the shaft at a distance. The concave surface of the disc is usually spherical, and conical is also used. There are two types of discs: full-edge blades and gap blades. The former is simple to make and convenient to grind the blade; the latter has a strong soil entry ability, which is conducive to cutting soil clods and weeds, and is mainly used for heavy harrows for clay and heavy soil cultivation. The size of the rake has been standardized in various countries and has international standards.
The material of the rake is generally made of wear-resistant 65Mn steel or low-carbon martensite B5 steel.
The center hole of the disc rake is generally a square hole, separated by a spacer. The rake blade and the inter-pipe are placed on the square shaft and locked with nuts to form a rake group. During operation, the plane of the edge of the disc harrow is perpendicular to the ground and forms an angle in the forward direction. Each rake set is supported by bearings on the frame. During operation, under the action of tractor traction and soil reaction force, each rake blade of the rake group rolls with the square shaft. Under the gravity of the rake itself, the cutting edge of the rake blade cuts into the soil, cuts off the grass roots or crop residue, cuts the dew strip after farming, and then gently rises the dew along the concave surface of the rake blade, and then turns over, which has a certain soil turning and covering effect. The deflection angle of the rake group can be adjusted, the adjustment range is generally 0 ° ~ 30 °, and the common deflection angle is 10 ° ~ 25 °. Increasing the deflection angle can increase the depth of the rake, the effect of turning and crushing, and increase the resistance.
Configuration form rake group.
The common configuration forms of disc harrow are as follows:
The left and right sides of a single row of opposed rake components are arranged horizontally in a single row, and the left and right rows are composed of one or more concave back rakes. Flatland for irrigation, post-harvest stubble and shallow tillage for fallow land.
The double-column opposed type has the first two columns and the last two columns. Each column from left to right two rows of rake group symmetrical configuration. The concave surface of the disc of the first two rows of rake groups is opposite to the concave surface; the disc of the last two rows of rake groups is located between the two discs of the first two rake groups, opposite to its concave surface. In order to avoid leaving a leakage zone at the junction of the left and right harrow groups, some pairs of harrows stagger the left and right harrow groups.
The disc rake offset type consists of two opposite rake groups, with the front and rear disc concave surfaces opposite. Due to the balance between the lateral force and traction force of the front and rear rake groups, the width centerline of the rake can be far away from the longitudinal axis of the tractor during operation, so it is called an offset rake. The offset of the wide offset rake can reach more than 3 meters. When used in orchards, offset harrows can be extended to operate under canopies that are inaccessible to tractors; offset harrows are also widely used in field operations because they have no missing tillage zones.
The whole machine structure.
The disc harrow is composed of a harrow frame, a harrow group, a traction or suspension device, and an angle adjustment mechanism. In order to increase soil depth, some light and small rakes have installed a counterweight box on the rake frame. The disc harrow produced and used in the 1980 s distributed a large amount of weight on each disc and had sufficient ability to enter the soil, so there was no need to add a counterweight and adjust the deflection angle. When the rake group is installed, the deflection angle is fixed at a better position. When shallow tillage is required, hydraulic cylinder-controlled wheels limit the depth.
The number of rake groups in the front and rear rows of the disc rake can be 8 groups, and the number of rake blades can reach 104. Heavy duty rake with single chip weighing up to 75kg. The width of the light rake is about 9 meters. The rake with a width of more than 4 meters can fold the two wing rake groups during road transportation, or the two wing rake groups can be closed together and towed horizontally.
The traction rake is usually equipped with a device that can automatically adjust the transportation state, and the working state of the traction device can be manually fine-tuned. With the lifting of wheels, the level of the rake is always maintained by the linkage rod.
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